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====== Monster Roles and Powers ======

Thinking about the roles that creatures play in combat helps to create better encounters. A monster who has tons of hit points can stand up front, soaking up damage while the more vulnerable evil wizard launches devastating spells from behind cover. Skirmisher monsters can dart in from the sides and back away, forcing the characters to spread out and leaving them open to an ambusher. Foes of different roles complement each other, creating an effective team. 

Monsters in 5e don’t have defined roles with connections to specific mechanics and tactics. However, many 5e foes either already fit a specific role or are flexible enough to allow us to assign roles to them. For example, a harpy is a highly effective controller, and a spy is an excellent skirmisher or ambusher. We can also modify monsters to enable them to play a role. By assigning a role to a foe, you enable a specific set of tactics that allow you to challenge the characters more effectively.
===== Ambusher =====

Ambushers have special features that allow them to hide, dart out of danger, render targets senseless, or otherwise prevent characters from attacking them easily. An ambusher often deals more damage when hidden, and might engage in a pattern of hiding, attacking, and hiding again. Ambusher foes are often less effective when they can’t hide, which incentivizes characters to force them into the open. Many ambushers have low hit points. 

**When to Use Them.** Because ambushers can result in longer, drawn-out fights, you want to use them sparingly. However, they can be a good choice for a villain who needs to get away. Ambushers are likewise an excellent choice if a combat encounter is preceded by a free-form roleplaying or social encounter, with foes hiding in plain sight before the fight breaks out. 

**Placement and Tactics.** An ambusher is usually most effective when they start out hidden, revealing themself only when they attack. Some ambushers start out in the open, then disappear and reposition once characters have moved toward them. 

**Example Ambushers.** Dust mephit, ghost, mimic, phase spider, spy. 

To build an ambusher, reduce AC by 2 or reduce hit points by 20 percent. An ambusher gains proficiency in Stealth and uses double their proficiency bonus for Dexterity (Stealth) checks. 
Then give the ambusher one or more of the following powers: 
==== Distracting Attack ====
 
(Trait). When this creature hits with an attack, they can become invisible until the start of their next turn. 
==== Shadowy Movement ====
 
(Trait). This creature can attempt to hide in dim light or lightly obscured terrain. When this creature moves, they can make a Dexterity (Stealth) check to hide as part of that movement. 
==== Elusive ====
 
(Bonus Action). This creature takes the Dash, Disengage, or Hide action. 
==== Duck and Cover ====
 
(Trait). When this creature hits a target with an attack and has advantage on the attack roll, they deal CR + 2 extra damage. 
==== Nimble Reaction ====
 
(Reaction, Recharge 4–6). When this creature is the only target of a melee attack, they can immediately move up to their speed without provoking opportunity attacks. If this movement leaves this creature outside the attacking creature’s reach, this creature avoids the attack. 

This reaction lets a foe avoid taking damage while also conveying the feel of a nimble combatant capable of escaping certain danger. You can alter the recharge to reflect just how nimble a creature is.
===== Artillery =====

Artillery typically have a high attack bonus and deal good damage at range, but have lower hit points or AC than other foes. Sacrificing survivability can be fun, allowing these monsters to hit hard and die quickly. This creates tension and pressure early in an encounter, followed by increasing confidence as the heroes reach the artillery and quickly defeat them. 

Artillery creatures might strike at single targets or an area, and their high accuracy lets them deal consistent damage. Because they operate at range, you might focus the attacks of artillery foes on characters who usually stay out of trouble, using the flexibility of range to put them in peril. Alternatively, you can put their accuracy to use against the characters with the highest defenses. 

**When to Use Them.** Artillery creatures work well in most encounters. Because of their placement at range, they draw attention away from other important targets such as controllers, leaders, or bosses. Artillery foes encourage characters to use resources to reach them, finish them off, and heal from their long-range damage. 

**Placement and Tactics.** Artillery creatures seek cover and elevation from which to rain down destruction. They stand behind other monsters and block terrain so that characters can’t easily get to them. They might also be placed without cover and to the sides of the battle, forcing characters who want to attack them to spread out—so that ambushers or skirmishers can pick those characters off. Place artillery closer to the action when you want them to be easy to reach and to draw attention deliberately away from other foes. 

Artillery creatures like to focus fire and group up on one target when possible. However, you want to change up that tactic if you start rolling too well, which can make artillery creatures extremely dangerous even in relatively easy encounters. Make sure getting to artillery foes is fun and not frustrating. A good rule of thumb is that characters shouldn’t need to spend more than 1 round of movement to engage an artillery creature. 

**Example Artillery.** Hill giant, mage, manticore, scout, solar. Of all the roles, artillery creatures are generally the least represented in the 5e Monster Manual and other books, but you can easily build artillery with additional monster powers 

To turn a stat block into an artillery foe, increase the creature’s attack bonuses by 2, or increase attack bonuses by 1 and increase the damage of all attack actions by 1 for each damage die rolled for the attack (so that 2d8 damage gains a +2, 3d6 damage gains a +3, and so on). Then either decrease hit points by 20 percent or decrease AC by 2. 

You can then give the creature any of the following powers: 
==== Quick Step ====
 
(Reaction). When this creature would make a ranged attack, they can first move 5 feet without provoking opportunity attacks. 
==== Ricochet ====
 
(Reaction). When this creature misses with a ranged attack, they can reroll that attack. 
==== Attack Focused Traits
Blood Frenzy ====
 
The monster has advantage on melee attack rolls against any creature that doesn’t have all its HP. 
Brutal 
A melee weapon deals one extra die of its damage when the creature hits with it. 
Charge 
If the monster moves at least [1/2 its walking speed] feet straight toward a target and then hits it with a melee attack on the same turn, the target takes an extra [1d4 + STR] bludgeoning damage. If the target is a creature, it must succeed on a DC [8 + STR + PB] STR save or be knocked prone. 
[Element] Weapons 
When the creature hits with any weapon, the weapon deals an extra # [acid, cold, fire, lightning, or thunder] damage. 
Grappler 
The monster has advantage on attack rolls against any creature grappled by it. 
Magic Weapons 
The creature’s weapon attacks are magical. 
Pack Tactics 
The monster has advantage on attack rolls against a creature if at least one of the monster’s allies is within 5 feet of the creature and the ally isn’t incapacitated. 
Pounce 
If the monster moves at least [1/2 its walking speed] feet straight toward a creature and then hits it with a melee attack on the same turn, that target must succeed on a DC [8 + STR + PB] STR save or be knocked prone. If the target is prone, the monster can make one melee attack against it as a bonus action. 
Siege Monster 
The creature deals double damage to objects and structures.
Bruiser
A bruiser foe deals higher-than-average melee damage, bringing the pain up close. But that focus on damage often comes with lower AC, lower attack accuracy, or lower hit points. Bruisers draw attention with their damage, and make fun opponents because they’re often easy to hit, or die quickly. 

When a bruiser has low accuracy, a battle often feels swingy, with a sense of impending doom as each attack roll creates tension. Even when an attack misses, the players are usually watching that roll and wincing as they think about what would have happened if it hit.

When to Use Them. Bruisers should be used in most encounters, surprising players with their impressive damage. However, they should be used with care in encounters against 1st-level characters, who are particularly susceptible to being dropped with a single lucky blow. 

Like artillery, bruisers can be used to draw attention away from other important targets such as controllers, leaders, and bosses. Bruisers encourage characters to use resources, first to finish off the bruiser more quickly, then to heal up in the aftermath. 

Placement and Tactics. Melee bruisers should be in the front lines, where they can deal damage as soon as possible. They might come out of side passages or otherwise surprise characters in the rear ranks, but bruisers seldom switch targets unless a different target is obviously easier to kill. Bruisers like to focus fire and group up on one target when possible, so keep an eye on their damage output to ensure that a few lucky attack rolls don’t push the challenge level of an encounter too high. 

Example Bruisers. Ettin, flesh golem, owlbear, shambling mound, wolf. 

To build a bruiser, either decrease attack bonuses by 2, decrease hit points by 10 percent and attack bonuses by 1, or decrease AC by 2. Then increase the damage of all attack actions by 2 for each damage die rolled for the attack. You can alternatively let each attack deal an extra CR damage. (At low challenge ratings, for specific powerful actions, or to provide a higher challenge, this additional damage can be increased to 3 × CR.) 

You can then give the creature any of the following powers: 
Goes Down Fighting (Reaction) 
When this creature is reduced to 0 hit points, they can immediately make one melee or ranged weapon attack before they fall unconscious. 

Your monsters can get in one last attack when they have this trait. 
Improved Critical Range 
(Trait). This creature’s attacks score a critical hit on a roll of 17–20. 

This power works particularly well for multiple low threat creatures, creating a better chance that one or more will score a crit. You can alter the critical hit range based on the story you’re telling. For example, low-CR constructs with a critical range of 15–20 could be a lot of fun, hitting surprisingly hard but dying quickly. You can also use this power with nearly any other creature type, representing preternatural acuity or battle training. 

Be careful with giving formidable foes this trait, and consider reducing the range if you do—especially at low levels of play where critical hits can have a big impact on play and easily result in character death. But, yes, a vorpal tyrannosaurus does sound awesome.
Offense over Defense 
(Bonus Action). Until the end of their turn, this creature deals an extra CR damage on attacks but reduces their AC by 2. 
Opportunist 
(Trait). This creature can make an opportunity attack when any creature moves within their reach, even if that movement would not normally trigger an opportunity attack. 

Controller
Controller creatures use their attacks and features to impose conditions or otherwise impede characters from being their most effective. This role covers many different types of foes, and the extent of their control can vary. Some controller creatures grapple, swallow, or otherwise lock down targets, preventing movement. They might impose disadvantage on attacks through conditions such as poisoned or restrained, or use magic such as the confusion or hold person spells to limit actions. 

When to Use Them. Controllers create dilemmas for a party to contend with. How do the characters change tactics when the fighter is poisoned and the cleric is inside a creature’s gullet? These situations can be exciting and challenging, forcing characters to expend resources and think of clever solutions. However, used too often, too extensively, or too effectively, controller foes can feel like punishment. Be wary of a character rendered ineffective for several rounds, or of more than a couple of characters being ineffective for longer than 1 round. When a control effect feels clearly frustrating, try to change targets over the course of combat so that the same character isn’t being controlled round after round. 

Placement and Tactics. Controllers should be placed where they can’t be easily reached, but close to prospective targets based on the range of their powers. Spellcaster controllers might be careful to always start farther than 60 feet from the characters—beyond the range of counterspell. A controller pairs well with a defender whose job is to keep the controller safe, or with skirmishers who can easily move around controlled characters. Controllers usually have trouble defeating characters one-on-one, due to their lower damage, but they work well with bruisers and artillery who can deal high damage to controlled characters. 

Example Controllers. Black pudding, cockatrice, ettercap, harpy. 
To create a controller creature, reduce the damage of each of the creature’s attack actions by 1 for each damage die rolled for the attack. Then increase the saving throw DCs for each of their non-damage-dealing attacks and features by 2. 

You can then give the creature any of the following powers: 
Advanced Controlling Spells 
(Trait). Choose one spell from the Controlling Spells trait that this creature can cast. This creature gains one of the following benefits: 
• The spell can be cast as a bonus action. 
• The spell can be cast as a reaction to taking damage from an enemy. 
• If the spell normally targets one creature, it can instead target two creatures within its normal range. 
Controlling Attacks 
(Trait). When this creature hits a target with an attack, they impose one of the following conditions, based on the creature concept: blinded, charmed, frightened, grappled, poisoned, prone, or restrained. The condition lasts until the end of the target’s next turn. 
Controlling Spells 
(Trait). Choose up to two of the following spells: blindness/deafness, command, entangle, grease, gust of wind, hideous laughter, hold person, levitate, ray of enfeeblement, silence, suggestion, or web. This creature can cast any of the chosen spells as an action. If this creature does not yet have a spell save DC, the save DC for these spells is 10 + 1/2 CR. Once chosen, the spells cannot be changed for this creature. 

For a ranged controller, consider the Pinning Shot power. 
Pinning Shot 
(Trait). When this creature hits with a ranged weapon attack, the target must succeed on a Strength saving throw (DC = 9 + 1/2 CR) or have their speed reduced to 0. An affected creature can repeat the saving throw at the end of each of their turns, ending the effect on themself on a success. 

Just one or two combatants with this trait can force the characters to adjust tactics as some of them are pinned in place. To make this power stronger, it can impose the restrained condition instead of just reducing speed. Either way, be careful not to overuse this power and frustrate the players. 
Defender
Defender foes soak up hits and damage. They might deal lower-than-average damage or be less accurate with attacks, but have higher AC, saving throws, and hit points. They often look big and imposing, drawing attention to themselves by issuing challenges and making threats. 
Some defenders have attacks or features that pin characters in place—often referred to as “sticky” features that make the defender hard to get away from once engaged. Stickiness can also take the form of imposing penalties to attack any creatures other than the defender, or similar features that help the defender soak up the heroes’ attacks. 

When to Use Them. Defenders should be used sparingly, as too many defenders in an encounter or too many encounters featuring defenders can make combats longer and less interesting. Use them in fights where other vulnerable foes need assistance to prevent being taken down too quickly. Defenders work well with skirmishers or ambushers, who can surprise characters focused on the defender. They excel at protecting key villains, especially artillery or controller spellcasters. 

Placement and Tactics. Defenders are often placed in the front lines to tie down characters. However, you can also place them farther back, closer to another creature they defend. Make sure defenders won’t lock down all the characters at once, though. Combat works best when most characters can move around the encounter area and discover all it has to offer. You don’t want to design an amazing encounter and then have the characters spend all their time locked down in specific locations. 

Example Defenders. Animated armor, chuul, gelatinous cube, knight, shambling mound. 
To make a creature into a defender, increase their AC by 3 or increase their hit points by 30 percent. Grant them a +2 bonus to saving throws, increasing to +5 if the characters are 11th level or higher. Then decrease their attack roll bonuses by 2, or reduce their attack roll bonuses by 1 and reduce the damage of all attack actions by 1 for each damage die rolled for the attack. 

You can then give the creature any of the following powers: 
Blocker
(Trait). Any creature starting their turn next to this creature has their speed reduced by half until the end of the affected creature’s turn. 
Challenge Foe 
(Bonus Action, Recharge 4–6). The next time this creature hits a target, in addition to the regular effect of the attack, that target is challenged. A challenged creature has disadvantage on attack rolls against any creature other than the challenging creature. At the end of each of their turns, a challenged creature can make a Charisma saving throw (DC = 10 + 1/2 CR), ending the challenge on themself on a success. 
Defender (Reaction) 
When an ally within 5 feet of this creature is targeted by an attack or spell, this creature can make themself the intended target of the attack. 

This is an excellent feature for minions who can intercept damage intended for a boss, or for a high hit-point monster who can act as a defender of more strategically important monsters. 
Stick with Me 
(Trait). When this creature hits with an attack, the target has disadvantage on attack rolls against any creature other than this one until the end of the target’s next turn. 
Defensive Traits
[Element] Absorption 
Whenever the creature is subjected to [acid, cold, fire, lightning, or thunder] damage, it takes no damage and instead regains HP equal to the [acid, cold, fire, lightning, or thunder] damage dealt. 
[Element] Body 
A creature that touches the monster or hits it with a melee attack while within 5 feet of it takes # [acid, cold, fire, lightning, or thunder] damage. 
Evasion 
If the creature is subjected to an effect that allows it to make a DEX save to take only half damage, the creature instead takes no damage if it succeeds on the save, and only half damage if it fails.
Flyby 
The creature doesn’t provoke opportunity attacks when it flies out of an enemy’s reach. 
Hardy 
Any critical hit against the creature becomes a normal hit. 
Immutable Form 
The creature is immune to any spell or effect that would alter its form. 
Inscrutable 
The creature is immune to any effect that would sense its emotions or read its thoughts, as well as any divination spell or effect, such as scrying or detecting its location, that it refuses. WIS (Insight) checks made to ascertain the creature’s intentions or sincerity have disadvantage. 
Inspiring Leader 
While the monster is conscious, each friendly creature within 10 feet of it, including itself, is resistant to the charmed and frightened conditions. 
Magic Resistance 
The creature has advantage on saves against spells and other magical effects. 
Multiple Heads 
The creature has # of heads and is resistant to the blinded, charmed, deafened, frightened, stunned, and unconscious conditions. 
Stalwart 
If the creature starts its turn afflicted by an ongoing effect that allows for a repeated save to end the effect, such as the hold spell or the poison from an ettercap’s Bite, the creature can make the save at the start of the turn instead of the end and has advantage on the save. 
Stench 
A creature that starts its turn within 5 feet of the monster must succeed on a DC [8 + CON + PB] CON save or be poisoned until the start of its next turn. On a success, the creature is immune to the monster’s Stench for 24 hours. 
Leader

A leader has features that help other creatures. They might heal, boost statistics such as attack modifiers or saving throws, or move other creatures, and they often have lower-than-average hit points, damage output, or accuracy. 

When to Use Them. Leaders are most interesting when used sparingly, though they can be used more often when they are of different types. For example, a hobgoblin priest NPC focused on healing feels different from a duergar war priest who boosts their allies’ attacks. 

Placement and Tactics. Leaders can be placed according to the focus of their useful features, letting them help as many of their allies as possible. Because the characters often want to target them, leaders operate best in the center or slightly back from the center of the encounter area. 

Leaders make good bosses, or can act as lieutenants for bosses. Be careful when using them with skirmishers and ambushers, though, since characters moving to pursue those foes might go after the leader instead. A good default setup is to have one or two defenders protecting a leader. 

Example Leaders. Couatl, knight, priest. 

A leader has features that help other creatures. They might heal, boost statistics such as attack modifiers or saving throws, or move other creatures, and they often have lower-than-average hit points, damage output, or accuracy. 

When to Use Them. Leaders are most interesting when used sparingly, though they can be used more often when they are of different types. For example, a hobgoblin priest NPC focused on healing feels different from a duergar war priest who boosts their allies’ attacks. 

Placement and Tactics. Leaders can be placed according to the focus of their useful features, letting them help as many of their allies as possible. Because the characters often want to target them, leaders operate best in the center or slightly back from the center of the encounter area. 

Leaders make good bosses, or can act as lieutenants for bosses. Be careful when using them with skirmishers and ambushers, though, since characters moving to pursue those foes might go after the leader instead. A good default setup is to have one or two defenders protecting a leader. 

To turn a foe into a leader, either reduce that foe’s attack bonuses by 2, reduce their hit points by 20 percent, or reduce the damage of all attack actions by 1 for each damage die rolled for the attack. 

Then give the creature any of the following powers: 
Commander 
(Trait). While this creature is at half their hit point maximum or above, each ally within 30 feet of them has a +2 bonus to attack and damage rolls. 

Roleplay the instructions a creature with this trait gives out to underlings, directing their attacks and lifting their morale. Establishing that the commander looking healthy is inspiring their troops can clue the players in to the need to focus fire to end the benefit. For a stronger effect, the +2 attack bonus could be replaced with advantage. 
Fanaticism 
(Trait). While this creature is below half their hit point maximum, whenever they take damage and an ally is within 5 feet of them, this creature takes half the damage and the chosen ally takes the remaining damage. Additionally, while this creature is below half their hit point maximum, each ally within 30 feet of them has advantage on attack rolls. This power paints a different story in combat than the Commander power, showing a leader whose desperation fuels the fury and devotion of their foolish followers. 
Heal Ally 
(Bonus Action). This creature can choose another creature they can see and hear within 50 feet of them. The chosen creature regains hit points equal to 25 percent of their hit point maximum. 
Inspire Troops 
(Reaction). When this creature succeeds on a saving throw or when an attack roll against them misses, one ally who can see this creature gains 5 + 1/2 CR temporary hit points. 

You can make this power a trait if you want it to be the centerpiece of an encounter. Smart characters will attack other creatures instead, but that might also work in the leader’s favor. 
Lead by Example 
(Trait). When this creature hits a target with an attack, any ally of this creature who can see the target has advantage on attack rolls against the target until the start of this creature’s next turn. 
March! 
(Bonus Action). Up to two targets within 30 ft can use a reaction to move up to half its speed in a direction of the leader’s choice. This movement is unaffected by difficult terrain and doesn’t provoke opportunity attacks.
Source: https://koboldpress.com/monster-vault-preview-tales-of-the-valiant-marilith/ 
Protect Yourself! 
(Bonus Action). Up to two targets within 30 ft can use a reaction to Parry. Until the start of their next turn, they have a +2 bonus to AC, including against the triggering attack.
Source: https://koboldpress.com/monster-vault-preview-tales-of-the-valiant-marilith/
Remember Your Training! 
(Bonus Action). Up to two targets within 30 ft can gain advantage on the next weapon attack roll it makes before the start of the leader’s next turn.
Source: https://koboldpress.com/monster-vault-preview-tales-of-the-valiant-marilith/
Shout Orders 
(Bonus Action, Recharge 4-6). This creature chooses up to six creatures who can see and hear them. Those creatures can immediately either move their speed or take an action. 
Magic
Magic powers can represent spells and eldritch energy, but might also connect to divine blessings, magic items or artifacts, and the ability to tap into powerful sources of otherworldly energy. 

Many creature stat blocks feature attack options that resemble spells but aren’t explicitly called out as being so. The default intention in this section is that magic monster powers should work equally well with a spell or an attack that resembles a spell. So simply replace wording such as “casts a spell” with “casts a spell or uses an action that resembles a spell” to meet your intention. 

Similarly, some creatures have traditional spell slots, while others may have a number of uses of certain spells per day. This section considers those two approaches to spellcasting interchangeable, though you can adjust that to your preference. 
Careful Sorcery 
(Trait). When this creature casts a spell that forces one or more creatures to make a saving throw, they can choose up to three of those creatures. Each chosen creature is immune to the effects of the spell. 

Careful Sorcery allows a spellcaster to use powerful area-of-effect spells and exclude some or all of their companions. This can be a fun surprise during a combat in a small room. 
Dual Concentration 
(Trait). This creature can concentrate on up to two spells simultaneously. When making a concentration check, the creature makes a separate check for each spell upon which they are concentrating. 

Many spellcasting creatures have an abundance of spells requiring concentration. This lets such creatures employ two of those spells at a time, which can be explained as the creature being uncommonly powerful, by the use of a magic item, or by an expendable focus being used to cast the second spell. 
Spell Shield 
(Reaction). When this creature is the target of an attack, they can expend a spell slot or one use of a spell or magical attack (other than an at-will magical attack) to add +4 to their AC until the start of their next turn. 

Many spellcasting creatures have more spell slots than they can use in a fight, so this power turns extra slots into a powerful asset. You can modify this power to instead 

Quickening 
(Trait, 2/Day). When this creature casts a spell that has a casting time of 1 action, they can change the casting time to 1 bonus action for this casting. The creature can cast up to two spells this turn, including two spells that aren’t cantrips. 

Most spellcasting monsters and NPCs can cast only a few spells before being defeated, making them not much of a challenge. Allowing a spellcaster to have 2 rounds where they cast any two spells makes them far more challenging. You can roleplay or describe the effort a spellcasting foe makes to accomplish this, so the players know the creature can’t do so every single round. 
Mobility Focused Traits
Amorphous 
The creature can move through a space as narrow as 1 inch wide without squeezing. 
Earth Glide 
The creature can burrow through non magical, unworked earth and stone. While doing so, the creature doesn’t disturb the material through which it moves. 
Ice Walk 
The creature can move across icy surfaces without needing to make an ability check. In addition, difficult terrain composed of ice or snow doesn’t cost extra movement. 
Incorporeal Movement 
The monster can move through other creatures and objects as if they were difficult terrain. It takes 5 (1d10) force damage if it ends its turn inside an object. 
Running Leap 
With a 10-foot running start, the creature can long jump up to 25 feet. 
Spider Climb 
The creature can climb difficult surfaces, including upside down on ceilings, without needing to make an ability check. 
Standing Leap 
The creature’s long jump is up to [10 below walking speed] feet and its high jump is up to [half of long jump distance] feet, with or without a running start. 
Web Walker 
The creature ignores movement restrictions caused by webbing. 
Woodland Walk 
Difficult terrain composed of non magical plants doesn’t cost the creature extra movement. In addition, the creature can pass through non magical plants without being slowed by them and without taking damage from them if they have thorns, spines, or a similar hazard.
Rogue
Sneaky or skirmishing creatures can all benefit from these rogue-type powers. 
Impersonate 
(Bonus Action, Recharge 6). Until the start of their next turn, this creature changes their appearance to look exactly like another creature who is within 5 feet of them and is no more than one size smaller or larger than this creature. Other creatures must each make a Wisdom (Perception) check (DC = 10 + 1/2 CR) each time they make an attack against this creature or the impersonated creature. On a failure, the attack is made against the wrong target. 
This power can be narratively rendered as shapeshifting ability, an illusion effect, beguiling words from a fey, or a confusing effect caused by an aberration. 
Nimble Reaction 
(Reaction, Recharge 4–6). When this creature is the only target of a melee attack, they can immediately move up to their speed without provoking opportunity attacks. If this movement leaves this creature outside the attacking creature’s reach, this creature avoids the attack. 

This reaction lets a foe avoid taking damage while also conveying the feel of a nimble combatant capable of escaping certain danger. You can alter the recharge to reflect just how nimble a creature is. 
Skirmishers
Skirmishers dance around the battlefield, using high mobility to dart in for an attack and then get away. They might have lower AC or hit points than other foes, but possess features that let them evade blows, retreat, or counterattack. Skirmishers are usually accurate, having a high attack bonus, and their damage might be especially high when using their mobility features. 

When to Use Them. Use skirmishers to liven up battles. They can draw characters farther into an area of combat, making good use of areas that have dividing features such as interior walls, side chambers, or more than one level. 

Placement and Tactics. Skirmishers should usually start far enough from the characters to show off their ability to move in and then move back out, forcing characters to reposition themselves. Skirmishers with high speed or supernatural movement can avoid or surpass terrain that challenges pursuing characters, who might trigger traps or spread out so other foes can surround them. 

Example Skirmishers. Bulette, copper dragon, goblin, spy, wraith. 

To create a skirmisher foe, reduce a creature’s AC by 2 or reduce their hit points by 20 percent. Each of the creature’s speeds increases by 20 feet. 

Then give the creature any of the following powers: 
Careful Steps 
(Bonus Action). This creature’s movement does not provoke opportunity attacks until the end of their turn. 
Knock Back 
(Trait). When this creature hits a target with an attack, they can choose to push the target 5 feet away from them. If this creature is CR 4 or higher, the target must also succeed on a Strength saving throw (DC = 10 + 1/2 CR) or be knocked prone. 
Nimble 
(Trait). This creature ignores difficult terrain. 
Quick Step 
(Reaction). When this creature would make a ranged attack, they can first move 5 feet without provoking opportunity attacks. 
Sensory Traits
Amphibious 
The creature can breathe air and water. 
Devil’s Sight 
Magical darkness doesn’t impede the creature’s darkvision. 
Echolocation 
The creature can’t use its keensense while deafened. 
[Environment/Terrain] Camouflage 
The creature’s Stealth is [base + 5] while in [type of] terrain. 
Ethereal Sight 
The creature can see 60 feet into the Ethereal Plane when it is on the Material Plane, and vice versa. 
False Appearance 
While the creature remains motionless, it is indistinguishable from a relevant object or its surroundings. 
Heightened [Sense] 
The creature’s Perception is [base + 5] when perceiving by [sense]. 
Illumination 
The creature sheds bright light in a 30-foot radius and dim light for an additional 30 feet. 
Iron Scent 
The creature can pinpoint, by scent, the location of ferrous metal within 30 feet of it. 
Limited Telepathy 
The monster can magically communicate simple ideas, emotions, and images telepathically with any creature within 100 feet of it that can understand a language. 
Mimicry 
The monster can mimic simple sounds it has heard, such as a person whispering, a baby crying, or an animal chittering. A creature that hears the sounds can tell they are imitations with a successful DC [10 + CHA] WIS (Insight) check. 
Speak with Beasts 
The creature can communicate with Beasts as if they shared a language. 
Sunlight Sensitivity 
While in sunlight, the creature has disadvantage on attack rolls, and its Perception is [base − 5] when perceiving by sight. 
Transparent 
While motionless, the creature’s Stealth is [base + 5], even when it is in plain sight. 
Treasure Sense 
The creature can pinpoint, by scent, the location of precious metals and stones, such as coins and gems, within 60 feet of it.
Solo
Solo powers work well when a single creature is used in an encounter, or when one creature is the obvious target and needs to survive focused fire.
Bloody Legendary Resistance 
(Trait). If this creature fails a saving throw, they can choose to succeed instead. Each time they use this trait, this creature takes 4 + CR damage. 

This power provides an alternative to the Legendary Resistance trait, with the hit point cost making it more rewarding for characters to cast spells and use features that require a saving throw, knowing that having a foe succeed on those saves carries a different cost. At the same time, a monster can use this power more often than Legendary Resistance, protecting them from the repetitive uses of features that can hinder a solo creature’s ability to be effective. 
For an alternative approach, replace the damage dealt with the creature losing the ability to use one of their actions or traits until the end of their next turn. 
Magic Resilience 
(Trait). Whenever this creature is subjected to a spell or other magical effect that does not grant a saving throw, the creature can make a DC 15 Charisma saving throw, avoiding the effect on a success. 

This trait lets you build an even more potent magic defiant foe. You can change the ability score used for the saving throw to reflect the nature of a particular creature, or base it on the type of effect being avoided. Things will get interesting for the characters when a boss monster unexpectedly breaks the walls shaped by a forcecage spell or overcomes some equally powerful effect. Use this power sparingly, though—and don’t give your players our email addresses. 
Magic Resistance 
(Trait). This monster has advantage on saving throws against spells and other magical effects. 
A great option when building solo monsters is to give them the ability to shrug off spells and magical effects, common in most legendary or highly magical monsters. 
Ultimate Resolve 
(Trait). If this creature takes damage while incapacitated, paralyzed, or stunned, they gain an extra attack the next time they use the Attack action. This trait can grant a maximum of one extra attack if the creature is CR 6 or lower, two extra attacks if they are from CR 7 to CR 12, and three extra attacks if they are CR 13 or above. 

This is an excellent power for boss or solo monsters likely to be denied actions by the characters’ tactics. That action denial still takes place, but the creature has a chance to make up for it. 
Warrior
Warrior powers represent tactics and capabilities honed through battle. 
Challenge Foe 
(Bonus Action, Recharge 4–6). The next time this creature hits a target, in addition to the regular effect of the attack, that target is challenged. A challenged creature has disadvantage on attack rolls against any creature other than the challenging creature. At the end of each of their turns, a challenged creature can make a Charisma saving throw (DC = 10 + 1/2 CR), ending the challenge on themself on a success. 

Perfect for a monster with the defender role (see “Monster Roles” on page 22), this power incentivizes characters to engage with a formidable foe rather than go after weaker targets. 
Pack Tactics 
(Trait). This creature has advantage on an attack roll against a target if at least one of this creature’s allies is within 5 feet of this creature and the ally isn’t incapacitated. 

A superb trait, Pack Tactics allows monsters to work together in an obvious tactical fashion to gain advantage. This trait can be used for many types of monsters, representing the cunning tactics they employ. 
Pinning Shot 
(Trait). When this creature hits with a ranged weapon attack, the target must succeed on a Strength saving throw (DC = 9 + 1/2 CR) or have their speed reduced to 0. An affected creature can repeat the saving throw at the end of each of their turns, ending the effect on themself on a success. 

Just one or two combatants with this trait can force the characters to adjust tactics as some of them are pinned in place. To make this power stronger, it can impose the restrained condition instead of just reducing speed. Either way, be careful not to overuse this power and frustrate the players. 
//Source//
Forge of Foes
ToV Game Masters Guide